Multi-omic Techniques and Nitrogen (N) Induced Drought Tolerance in Rice Crop

The present review highlights the growth and productivity of a rice crop that is an issue due to global climate change and Nitrogen deficiency that induce different stresses in a crop. Researchers reported a reduction in rice productivity due to drought stress worldwide. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, including Transcriptional Factors, was developed to analyze multi-omics data. Multi-omics technique provides a better understanding of cellular dynamics under many different kinds of stresses or either against biotic or abiotic stresses. The most important multi-omic techniques, Genomics, Proteomics, Transcriptomics and Metabolomics, have been recently studied. Breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties are more adaptive due to multigenic control of drought-tolerant traits. Drought significantly decreased agronomic traits, with biomass at 25.2% and yield at 25.4%. Nitrate Transporters play a critical role in nitrogen absorption. Nitrogen induces leaf production and expansion, shoots to root distance, accelerates transpiration and photosynthesis and promotes yield, especially under abiotic stresses in which drought is more effective. Plants use nitrogen as ammonium (NH₄⁺) and Nitrate (NO₃^-), which can affect various aspects of a plant. This review provides an extensive outline of breeding methods and mineral induction from conventional to the latest innovation in molecular development of drought-tolerant rice varieties. This information could serve as a guideline for researchers and rice breeders.